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        <h1 id="开始"><a href="#开始" class="headerlink" title="开始"></a>开始</h1><blockquote>
<p>根据杭州蚁创科技有限公司《FPW(M)指纹系列产品开发手册》编写， 仅适用对应硬件，留作备忘。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>在android6.0之后谷歌对指纹识别进行了官方支持，目前指纹领域无论从产品角度还是技术角度都已经趋于成熟，开发过程中遇到很多的问题，在此先按下不表。如果在没有指纹模块的安卓系统上进行指纹开发，就需要相应硬件的支持。于是采用了杭州蚁创科技有限公司的硬件。本篇博文内容也仅适应对应硬件。在这里抛砖引玉，希望能让大家开发时少走弯路。</p>
<h1 id="使用"><a href="#使用" class="headerlink" title="使用"></a>使用</h1><h2 id="1-添加权限："><a href="#1-添加权限：" class="headerlink" title="1. 添加权限："></a>1. 添加权限：</h2><p>指纹开发，硬件需要通过usb连接到安卓设备上。在此也需要将usb接口设置成host模式，不然的话无法进行识别。</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">uses-feature</span> <span class="attr">android:name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;android.hardware.usb.host&quot;</span>  <span class="attr">android:required</span>=<span class="string">&quot;true&quot;</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">uses-permission</span> <span class="attr">android:name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE&quot;</span>/&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">uses-permission</span> <span class="attr">android:name</span>=<span class="string">&quot;android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE&quot;</span>/&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果是安卓6.0以及以上系统，还需要动态获取权限。</p>
<h2 id="2-导入jar包和so文件"><a href="#2-导入jar包和so文件" class="headerlink" title="2. 导入jar包和so文件"></a>2. 导入jar包和so文件</h2><h2 id="3-愉快的使用"><a href="#3-愉快的使用" class="headerlink" title="3. 愉快的使用"></a>3. 愉快的使用</h2><p> 方法</p>
<ul>
<li>初始化设备<br>public int Init();<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li> 关闭设备<br>public int Close();<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li>SDK 版本<br>public String GetVersion ();</li>
<li>获取图像大小<br>public int GetImageSize(int []pnWidth, int []pnHeight);<br>pnWidth 图像宽度<br>pnHeight 图像高度<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li>检测手指<br>public int DetectFinger(int[]isPressed)<br>isPressed =0 手指抬起 =1 手指按下<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li>上传原始图像<br>public int GetImageRawData(byte[]pRawData);<br>pRawData 图像大小 pnWidth*pnHeight<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li>获取图像质量<br>public int GetImageScore(byte[] pRawData,int nWidth, int nHeight);<br>pRawData 图像大小 pnWidth*pnHeight<br>pnScore 大于 IMAGE_SCORE 合格<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li>将原始图像转换成 bmp<br>public Bitmap ImageRawDataToBmp(byte[] pRawData, int nWidth, int<br>nHeight);</li>
<li>特征提取<br>public int Extract(byte[] pRawData,int nWidth, int nHeight,byte[]<br>pfeature);<br>pRawData 图像大小 nWidth * nHeight<br>pfeature 特征大小 FEATURE_LENTH<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li>将三个特征转换成模板<br>public int Enroll(byte[] pfeature1,byte[] pfeature2,byte[]<br>pfeature3,byte[] pTemplate);<br>pfeature1, pfeature2, pfeature3, pTemplate 大小 FEATURE_LENTH<br>返回值参考常量<br>一般将模板保存在后台数据库， 便于后期识别验证。FPW(M)指纹系列产品开发手册<br>杭州蚁创科技有限公司</li>
<li>指纹匹配<br>public int Match(byte[] pfeature,byte[] pTemplate,int iLevel);<br>两个特征相互匹配<br>MATCH_LOW_LEVEL&lt;=iLevel&lt;= MATCH_HIGH_LEVEL,建议 3<br>返回值参考常量</li>
<li>搜索<br>public int Search(byte[] pfeature1,byte[] pTemplate_n,int nTemplate);<br>特征 pfeature1 大小 FEATURE_LENTH<br>模 板 数 据 pTemplate_n 按 照 FTP_MAX_SIZE 的 长 度 累 计 长 度 为 nTemplate</li>
</ul>
<p>*FEATURE_LENTH<br>模板个数 nTemplate<br>返回成功的索引 pIndex<br>最大个数 10000， 如果超过该限制， 与相关人员联系。</p>
<h1 id="扩展"><a href="#扩展" class="headerlink" title="扩展"></a>扩展</h1><blockquote>
<p>支付宝，腾讯等大厂都制定了自己的协议，标准直接和设备厂商合作，而应用方只有微信和支付宝自己。支付宝指纹支付标准是 IFAA ，腾讯的指纹支付标准是 SOTER，也就是说没有其他应用方会使用这个标准。所以很看应用方和设备厂商的协商程度。现在 IFAA 没有开源，只有 SOTER 是开源的了<br>如果接入，我们能省去兼容性测试的工作量，而且有些 6.0 以下的机型 SOTER 也支持。每个指纹将会有唯一 ID，也就是说，可以能把账号和指纹绑定起来，更加安全。<br>不过需要注意的是 SOTER 没支持华为等机型，而且以后机型的扩展受第三方支持的限制。</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="指纹开发常见问题"><a href="#指纹开发常见问题" class="headerlink" title="指纹开发常见问题"></a>指纹开发常见问题</h1><p>兼容问题</p>
<ol>
<li>明明符合条件，isHardwareDetected() 返回 false？<br>表现机型：MI 5s、vivo X9<br>在同一机型上调用 FingerprintManagerCompat 的 isHardwareDetected() 和 hasEnrolledFingerprints() 时候，返回的都是 false,但是调用 FingerprintManager 的 isHardwareDetected()<br>和 hasEnrolledFingerprints() 时，却是返回 true。<br>解决：是否符合指纹条件可以多加一层判断。</li>
<li>Letv X500 Android 6.0,API23   不按正常的套路回调<br>onAuthenticationError 和 onAuthenticationFailed，理论上应该是识别失败的情况，但是该机型点击取消指纹识别也会先回调一次Error，如果遇到这种情况，只能根据具体项目环境中去进行规避适配了。</li>
<li>魅族上遇到的坑<br>onAuthenticationHelp 回调不按套路出牌，正常官网文档解释，这个方法的回调时机是在指纹认证期间发生可恢复性的错误时回调。结果在魅族上，启动指纹识别认证的时候就会回调这个方法，里面传递回来的信息提示是“等待按下手指”，也就是说，它的 onAuthenticationHelp 回调跟官网时机不一样，而且方法的作用也变了，它在正常的情况回调了 onAuthenticationHelp。<br>解决：不影响验证流程，无需解决</li>
<li>小米 锁屏和切后台生命周期不一致<br>产品需求：用户锁屏或切到后台时（onStop）自动停止指纹验证，回到界面时（onResume）自动调起验证。<br>所以我在指纹回调方法中加入了标志位 isInAuth。onStop时保存 isInAuth，onResume时 isInAuth == true 则自动调起验证。<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onAuthenticationSucceeded</span><span class="params">(FingerprintManagerCompat.AuthenticationResult result)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    isInAuth = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onAuthenticationError</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> errMsgId, CharSequence errString)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    isInAuth = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onAuthenticationFailed</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    isInAuth = <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onAuthenticationHelp</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> helpMsgId, CharSequence helpString)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    isInAuth = <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<p>然而小米6、米mix2 锁屏时的生命周期是 onAuthenticationError -&gt; onStop；切到后台是 onStop -&gt; onAuthenticationError。导致不同流程下拿到 isInAuth 标志位不一致，无法自动调起验证。<br>解决：界面指纹按钮可以手动调起验证，无需兼容处理。<br>小米5生命周期同上，但是无论是自动还是手动调起验证，马上就回调了 onAuthenticationError，也就是说 MI5 从后台切回来后，指纹验证流程中断。<br>解决：用一个栈来存储调用方法顺序，如果验证方法调起，马上就回调 onAuthenticationError 方法，则判定是属于兼容问题，按验证失败来解决。<br>5. 密钥解密失败<br>三星SM-A9100 、Nexus 6P密钥解密失败<br>解决：暂无法解决</p>
<p>其他兼容解决方案：</p>
<p>三星passSdk（不过从2018下半年开始，Pass SDK 将不再提供 DEVICE_FINGERPRINT_UNIQUE_ID 。也就是不再为每个已注册的指纹提供索引了。因此将无法通过 SDK 区分使用哪个指纹来验证用户。）</p>
<p>魅族 flyme开发平台提供了指纹验证官方api</p>
<p>非兼容问题</p>
<ol>
<li><p>新注册指纹密钥解密失败<br>系统中注册了一个新的指纹的情况下，即使指纹在系统指纹列表里，验证也不通过。<br>解决：删除了当前无效的key，然后根据参数再次生成密钥。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">       <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onAuthenticationSucceeded</span><span class="params">(FingerprintManagerCompat.AuthenticationResult result)</span> </span>&#123;      </span><br><span class="line">       <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        * doFinal方法会检查结果是不是会拦截或者篡改过，</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        * 如果是的话会抛出一个异常，异常的时候都将认证当做是失败来处理</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        */</span></span><br><span class="line">       <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">           result.getCryptoObject().getCipher().doFinal();</span><br><span class="line">           mCustomCallback.onAuthenticationSucceeded(<span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">       &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IllegalBlockSizeException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">           <span class="comment">//如果是新录入的指纹，会抛出该异常，需要重新生成密钥对重新验证，这里加个次数限制，避免进入验证异常-&gt;重新验证-&gt;又验证异常的死循环</span></span><br><span class="line">           <span class="keyword">if</span> (happenCount == <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">               beginAuthenticate();</span><br><span class="line">               happenCount++;</span><br><span class="line">               <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">           &#125;</span><br><span class="line">           mCustomCallback.onAuthenticationSucceeded(<span class="keyword">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">       &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">           mCustomCallback.onAuthenticationSucceeded(<span class="keyword">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">       &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      ...</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>设备已有指纹，生成密钥却异常提示没有指纹<br>非复现，和设备无关，怀疑是谷歌 API 的坑。<br>java.lang.IllegalStateException: At least one fingerprint must be enrolled to create keys requiring user authentication for every use</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>解决：暂时只想到针对这个特定异常，直接使用无密钥验证，有一定的安全风险。</p>
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